Table 2 Shows studies that were conducted to assess and analyze the effect of macro- and micronutrients as interventions for sleep disorders
From: The effect of nutrition and physical activity on sleep quality among adults: a scoping review
Study Design Participants | Component | Outcomes | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Laboratory sleep evaluation | Young males | low-fat / High-carbohydrate vs. high-fat / low-carbohydrate or balanced isocaloric diets | Less none-REM sleep | (Phillips, et al. 1975) |
Laboratory sleep evaluation | Young males | Low-glycemic-index vs. high-glycemic-index meals | Sleep onset shortening | (Afaghi et al. 2007) |
Cross-sectional | Adults | High-fat intake | Reduced sleep period | (Shi et al. 2008) |
A parallel, randomized, controlled trial | Obese males and moderate to severe OSA | Liquid, very low-calorie diet pursued by gradual normal diet vs. usual diet | Improved OSA | (Johansson, et al. 2009) |
Randomized clinical trial, crossover intervention | In-patient normal BMI adults | High-sugar intake, low-fiber, and high-saturated fat vs. ad libitum | Wakefulness and less restorative sleep | (St-Onge et al. 2016a) |
Clinical trial, double-blind | Young adults | High tryptophan diet vs. low tryptophan diet | Less level of sleepiness and sustained attention the next morning | (Markus et al. 2005) |
Clinical trial, double-blind | Elderly with insomnia in a long-term care | Diets supplement with zinc, magnesium, and melatonin vs. placebo | Improved sleep time and quality | (Rondanelli et al. 2011) |
Cross-sectional | Adults | Deficiency in the following: selenium, vitamin B1, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and folate | Short sleep period | (Grandner et al. 2013) |
Cross-sectional | Adults | Deficiency in the following: vitamin C, alpha-carotene, lycopene, vitamin D, calcium, and selenium | Difficulty to sleep and sleep maintenance | (Grandner et al. 2014) |
Clinical trial | Adults with sleep troubles | Vitamin D supplement vs. placebo | Enhanced sleep period and quality | (Majid et al. 2018) |
Randomized trial, double-blinded | Adults | High zinc food vs. astaxanthin zinc food or placebo supplemented with astaxanthin oil and zinc-enriched yeast or placebo | Improved sleep quality | (Saito et al. 2017) |
Randomized trial, placebo-controlled | Elderly | Fermented milk drink vs. placebo | Improved sleep quality | (Yamamura, et al. 2009) |
Randomized trial | Elderly with chronic insomnia | Tart cherry juice drink vs. placebo | Decline in insomnia severity | (Pigeon et al. 2010) |
Laboratory sleep evaluation | Adults and elderly | Jerte Valley cherry cultivars | Improved sleep time | (Garrido, et al. 2010) |
Self-controlled diet | Adults with self-reported sleep disruption | Kiwi | Improved sleep onset and quality | (Lin et al. 2011) |
Randomized trial, placebo-controlled | In-patient adult males | Atlantic salmon vs. alternative meal, i.e., beef, chicken, and pork | Better functioning life | (Hansen, et al. 2014) |
Cross-sectional | Adults and elderly | Oily fish foods | Improved sleep quality | (Brutto et al. 2016) |