Table 1 Distribution of study variables, by sex
Variables | Women n(%) | Men n(%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics | |||
 Age (years) | |||
   < 50 | 504 (21.5) | 376 (18.5) |  |
  50–59 | 623 (26.6) | 540 (26.6) |  |
  60–69 | 590 (25.2) | 531 (26.2) |  |
  70–79 | 399 (17.1) | 375 (18.5) |  |
  80 +  | 224 (9.6) | 208 (10.2) | 0.13 |
 Marital status | |||
  Married | 1839 (78.6) | 1721 (84.8) |  |
  Common-law | 71 (3.0) | 62 (3.1) |  |
  Widowed | 293 (12.6) | 53 (2.6) |  |
  Separated/divorced | 69 (2.9) | 65 (3.2) |  |
  Single/never married | 62 (2.6) | 124 (6.1) | < .001 |
  Missing | 6 (0.3) | 5 (0.2) |  |
 Employment status | |||
  Employed | 1126 (48.1) | 1423 (70.1) |  |
  Retired | 707 (30.2) | 546 (26.9) |  |
  Homemaker | 429 (18.3) | n/a |  |
  Other | 74 (3.2) | 52 (2.6) | n/a |
  Missing | 4 (0.2) | 9 (0.4) |  |
 Home location | |||
  Farm | 952 (40.7) | 938 (46.2) |  |
  Town | 1378 (58.9) | 1083 (53.3) | < .001 |
  Missing | 10 (0.4) | 9 (0.4) |  |
 Education | |||
  Post-secondary | 1208 (52.2) | 678 (33.4) |  |
  High school or less | 1105 (47.8) | 1321 (65.1) | < .001 |
  Missing | 27 (1.2) | 31 (1.5) |  |
 Income adequacy | |||
  Low | 356 (15.2) | 229 (11.3) |  |
  Middle | 626 (26.8) | 560 (27.6) |  |
  High | 997 (42.6) | 937 (46.2) |  |
  Missing | 361 (15.4) | 304 (15.0) | .001 |
 Financial strain (money left over at end of the month) | |||
  Some money | 1411 (60.3) | 1275 (62.8) |  |
  Just enough money | 434 (18.5) | 348 (17.1) |  |
  Not enough money | 256 (10.9) | 203 (10.0) |  |
  Missing | 239 (10.2) | 204 (10.0) | .354 |
Health behaviors | |||
 Smoking status | |||
  Current smoker | 219 (9.4) | 181 (8.9) |  |
  Ex-smoker | 776 (33.2) | 855 (42.1) |  |
  Never smoker | 1337 (57.1) | 987 (48.6) | < .001 |
  Missing | 8 (0.3) | 7 (0.3) |  |
 Binge drinking | |||
  Yes | 242 (10.3) | 471 (23.2) |  |
  No | 2065 (88.2) | 1541 (75.9) | < .001 |
  Missing | 33 (1.4) | 18 (0.9) |  |
 Exercise | |||
  Yes | 1411 (60.3) | 945 (46.6) |  |
  No | 888 (37.9) | 1037 (51.1) | < .001 |
  Missing | 41 (1.8) | 48 (2.4) |  |
Comorbidities | |||
 Heart disease | |||
  No | 2162 (92.4) | 1805 (88.9) |  |
  Yes | 178 (7.6) | 225 (11.1) | < .001 |
 Diabetes | |||
  No | 2134 (91.2) | 1790 (88.2) |  |
  Yes | 206 (9.8) | 240 (11.8) | < .001 |
 High cholesterol | |||
  No | 1749 (74.7) | 1434 (70.6) |  |
  Yes | 591 (25.3) | 596 (29.4) | .002 |
 COPD | |||
  No | 2067 (88.3) | 1778 (87.6) |  |
  Yes | 102 (4.4) | 113 (5.6) | .071 |
  Missing | 171 (7.3) | 139 (6.8) |  |
 Asthma | |||
  No | 2081 (88.9) | 1832 (90.2) |  |
  Yes | 259 (11.1) | 198 (9.8) | .157 |
 Depression | |||
  No | 2055 (87.8) | 1925 (94.8) |  |
  Yes | 285 (12.2) | 105 (5.2) | < .001 |
 Injury (Last 12 months) | |||
  No | 2026 (86.6) | 1724 (84.9) |  |
  Yes | 233 (10.0) | 234 (11.5) | .091 |
  Missing | 81 (3.5) | 72 (3.5) |  |
Quality of life | |||
 Self-rated physical health | |||
  Good/very good/excellent | 2054 (87.8) | 1722 (84.8) |  |
  Fair/poor | 281 (12.0) | 300 (14.8) | .007 |
  Missing | 5 (0.2) | 8 (0.4) |  |
 Self-rated mental health | |||
  Good/very good/excellent | 2170 (92.7) | 1897 (93.4) |  |
  Fair/poor | 163 (7.0) | 124 (6.1) | .271 |
  Missing | 7 (0.3) | 9 (0.4) |  |
 Health compared to last year | |||
  Better | 440 (18.8) | 288 (14.2) |  |
  Same | 1617 (69.1) | 1519 (74.8) |  |
  Worse | 276 (11.8) | 213 (10.5) | < .001 |
  Missing | 7 (0.3) | 10 (0.5) |  |
 Perception of stress | |||
  Not/barely stressful | 951 (40.6) | 883 (43.5) |  |
  Somewhat stressful | 1047 (44.7) | 865 (42.6) |  |
  Very stressful | 335 (14.3) | 268 (13.2) | .122 |
  Missing | 7 (0.3) | 14 (0.7) |  |
 Community support | |||
  High | 857 (36.6) | 655 (32.3) |  |
  Medium | 619 (26.5) | 600 (29.6) |  |
  Low | 701 (30.0) | 614 (30.2) | .008 |
  Missing | 163 (7.0) | 161 (7.9) |  |