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Table 1 Demographic Characteristics along with Pre- and Post- CPAP means, standard deviations, mean differences, and confidence intervals for REM rebound percentage

From: Rapid Eye Movement (REM) rebound on initial exposure to CPAP therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author, year

Study type

Definition of REM rebound

Number

Age, years

BMI, Kg/m2

Pre-CPAP REM %

Post-CPAP REM%

MD (95% CI)

P-value

Brillante et al. 2012

Retrospective

20% or more increase in % REM sleep on titration night when compared to baseline PSG

335

54.0 ± 13.9

33.3 ± 7.3

16.9 ± 7.8

18.4 ± 8.8

1.5 (2.762, 0.238)

0.0199

Koo et al. 2012

Retrospective

At least one REM period of >/30 min duration in the treatment portion AND an increase in REM in the treatment portion of >/20%

95

56.7 ± 11.1

35.0 ± 7.0

6.7 ± 9.3

23.3 ± 15.1

16.5 (12.911, 20.089)

0.0001

Kushida et al. 2011

Prospective

Randomized, controlled trial

-

57

48.8 ± 12

34.9 ± 8.0

13.1 ± 9.0

22.8 ± 8.4

9.7 (6.469, 12.931)

0.0001

Yaegashi et al. 2009

Retrospective

-

280

58.6 ± 14.7

25.7 ± 3.9

13.1 ± 6.2

18.1 ± 7.0

5.0 (3.902, 6.098)

0.0001

Osuna et al. 2008

Retrospective

6% or more increase in % REM sleep on titration night when compared to baseline PSG

179

(118 M + 61 F)

48.6 ± 4 (M)

51.6 ± 12.9 (F)c

33.7 ± 7.7 (M)

39.2 ± 8.2 (F)c

15.55

21.57

-

-

Drake et al. 2003

Prospective

-

71

50.7 ± 10.6

-

12.8 ± 5.6

19.1 ± 8.9

6.3 (3.833, 8.767)

0.0001

Verma et al. 2001

Retrospective

-

44

51.6

 

12.1 ± 8.3a

12.7 ± 9.0b

17.2 ± 8.1a

15.6 ± 8.6b

5.1 (1.624,8.576)

2.9 (−0.831, 6.631)

0.0045

0.1259

Randerath et al. 2001

Prospective

-

25

52.8 ± 9.0

31.4 ± 5.0

14.2 ± 6.7

17.1 ± 7.4

2.9 (−1.114, 6.914)

0.1529

Parrino et al. 2000

Retrospective

-

10

47.4 ± 5.3

>36

81 ± 30d

149 ± 32d

68 (38.86, 97.14)

0.0001

Collard et al. 1996

Prospective

-

80

52.1 ± 10.6

33.4 ± 6.6

17.8 ± 6.9

21.9 ± 9.5

4.1 (1.507, 6.693)

0.0021

Yamashiro and Kryger 1995

Prospective

-

107

52.3 ± 12.1

34.4 ± 8.2

11.2 ± 9.5

25.3 ± 14.4

14.1 (10.812, 17.388)

0.0001

Lamphere et al. 1989

Prospective

-

13

50.1 ± 11.6e

35.6 ± 9.5

9.2 ± 6.4

20.4 ± 8.7

11.2 (5.018, 17.382)

0.0010

Aldrich et al. 1989

Prospective

-

26

47

-

43.1 ± 5.4d

73.3 ± 6.9d

30.2 (26.749, 33.651)

0.0001

Issa and Sullivan 1986

Prospective

-

12

47.4

 

18.4 ± 2.0

30.6 ± 2.0

12.2 (10.507, 13.893)

0.0001

Combined Means

 

53.65 ± 12.60

34.58 ± 11.20

13.82 ± 8.17

19.99 ± 10.06

6.17 (5.408, 6.931)

0.0001

1252

1171

1119

1119

 
  1. Note: Osuna, Parrino & Aldrich studies were not included for combined means for REM sleep percentage given missing standard deviations for Osuna study and Parrino & Aldrich reported minutes rather than percentage. In Verma et al. study, only patientsa who report improvement on CPAP were included for combined means
  2. N sample size, MD mean difference, CI confidence interval
  3. aDenotes: % REM sleep in patients who noted an improvement (CPAP PSG Likert scale score –diagnostic PSG Likert scale score > 0) and
  4. bDenotes: % REM sleep in patients that did not note an improvement (CPAP PSG Likert scale score - diagnostic PSG Likert scale score less than or equal to 0)
  5. cDenotes individual average for males and females respectively, i.e. 48.6 ± 4 for males (M), and 51.6 ± 12.9 for females (F)
  6. dDenotes amount of REM sleep attained in minutes, not the Percentage of Total sleep time spent in REM
  7. eDenotes average values for the entire cohort of 39 patient prior to randomization while other values listed herein depict the numbers obtained from 1st night CPAP titration cohort after randomization