Is purpose in life associated with less sleep disturbance in older adults?

Table 2 Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression Analyses of Purpose in Life and Sleep Quality

		B	SE	β	p	F	R ²
Sleep Quality at Baseline (n = 814)	Step 1					2.41 ₍₄₎ *	.012
	Sex	−.324	.234	−.049	.167
	Years of Education	−.016	.032	−.018	.618
	Age	.004	.014	.012	.755
	Race	.534	.210	.095	.011
	Step 2					9.383 ₍₅₎ **	.055
	Sex	−.298	.229	−.045	.193
	Years of Education	.023	.032	.026	.471
	Age	−.016	.014	−.042	.261
	Race	.548	.206	.097	.008
	Purpose in Life	−1.326	.218	−.220	.000
Sleep Quality Change Baseline to 1-Year Follow-up (n = 814)	Step 1					.556₍₄₎	.003
	Sex	−.119	.202	−.021	.555
	Education	−.029	.028	−.037	.293
	Age	−.011	.012	−.034	.367
	Race	−.074	.181	−.407	.684
	Step 2					1.546₍₅₎	.009
	Sex	−.128	2.01	−.022	.526
	Years of Education	−.043	.028	−.055	.132
	Age	−.004	.012	−.012	.746
	Race	−.078	.180	−.016	.665
	Purpose in Life	.449	.192	.087	.019
Sleep Quality Change Baseline to 2-Year Follow-up (n = 550)	Step 1					.857₍₄₎	.006
	Sex	.098	.245	.017	.689
	Education	−.032	.034	−.040	.352
	Age	.018	.016	.050	.269
	Race	.265	.226	.053	.240
	Step 2					.855₍₅₎	.008
	Sex	.087	.245	.015	.724
	Years of Education	−.039	.035	−.049	.270
	Age	.021	.016	.058	.205
	Race	.261	.226	.052	.249
	Purpose in Life	.235	.255	.041	.357
Sleep Quality Change Baseline to 3-Year Follow-up (n = 245)	Step 1					.593₍₄₎	.012
	Sex	−.398	.357	−.072	.266
	Education	.014	.054	.016	.801
	Age	.007	.025	.018	.787
	Race	.412	.345	.081	.234
	Step 2					.693₍₅₎	.013
	Sex	−.388	.358	−.071	.279
	Years of Education	.022	.057	.026	.702
	Age	.003	.026	.008	.914
	Race	.396	.347	.078	.255
	Purpose in Life	−.183	.363	−.036	.615

Four separate regression analyses. * = p ≤ .05, ** = p ≤ .01, bolding is used to emphasize significant predictors within the models

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