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Table 2 Cross-sectional associations between sleep duration categories and FV intakes of women from the UKWCS

From: Recommended sleep duration is associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables; cross-sectional and prospective analyses from the UK Women’s Cohort Study

Short sleepers (≤6 h/d) and Long sleepers (≥9 h/d) compared to the recommended group (7–9 h/d)

Models

Model 1

Model 2

Sleep categories

≤ 6 h/d sleep

Mean difference (95% CI)

P value

≥9 h/d sleep

Mean difference (95% CI)

P value

n

Overall P value*

≤6 h/d sleep

Mean difference (95% CI)

P value

≥9 h/d sleep

Mean difference (95% CI)

P value

n

Overall P value*

Fruits and vegetables (grams/day)a

 Fruits

-8 (− 18,0.8)

0.07

-18 (−28, − 8)

< 0.001

11,972

< 0.001

-5 (− 15, 4)

0.2

− 15 (− 25, − 5)

0.003

11,571

0.009

 Vegetables

− 10 (− 17,-3)

0.003

− 12 (− 19,-4)

0.001

12,148

< 0.001

−8 (− 15,-1)

0.01

−11 (− 18, − 3)

0.003

11,738

0.001

 Total FV

−23 (− 36,-10)

< 0.001

− 30 (− 43, − 17)

< 0.001

12,159

< 0.001

−17 (− 30,-4)

0.01

− 25 (− 39, − 12)

< 0.001

11,749

< 0.001

Fruits and vegetables (servings/week)b

 Fruits

− 0.7 (− 1, − 0.3)

0.001

−1 (− 1, − 0.6)

< 0.001

13,623

< 0.001

− 0.4 (− 0.8,-0.02)

0.04

−1 (− 1, − 0.5)

< 0.001

13,127

< 0.001

 Vegetables

− 0.4 (− 0.8, − 0.01)

0.04

− 0.4 (− 0.8, − 0.01)

0.05

13,660

0.03

− 0.3 (− 0.7, 0.1)

0.1

−0.3 (− 0.8, 0.07)

0.1

13,164

0.1

 Total FV

−1 (− 1, − 0.5)

0.001

−1 (− 2, − 0.9)

< 0.001

13,760

< 0.001

−0.7 (− 1,-0.08)

0.02

−1 (− 2, − 0.6)

< 0.001

13,260

< 0.001

Fruit and vegetable biomarkers

 Vitamin C (μg/ml)

−3 (− 6,-1)

0.003

2 (− 0.03,4)

0.05

149

0.001

−4 (−6,-1)

0.003

1 (− 0.4,4)

0.1

145

0.001

 α-carotene (nmol/l)

−86 (− 191,19)

0.1

−54 (−144,36)

0.2

149

0.1

−104 (− 219, 9)

0.07

−51 (− 150,47)

0.3

145

0.1

 β-carotene (nmol/l)

− 120 (− 542, 302)

0.5

177 (− 181,536)

0.3

149

0.5

−120 (− 580,340)

0.6

118 (− 278, 515)

0.5

145

0.7

 Lycopene (nmol/l)

−56 (− 223,111)

0.5

113 (− 29,255)

0.1

148

0.2

−83 (− 254, 86)

0.3

107 (− 39,254)

0.1

144

0.1

  1. Model 1 adjusted for age
  2. Model 2 adjusted for age, socio-economic status, smoking, ethnicity and total energy intake
  3. CI confidence interval, d day, FV fruits and vegetables, G gram, h hours, n number
  4. *P value for differences between sleep duration categories
  5. aobtained from 4-day food diary
  6. bobtained from health and lifestyle questionnaire
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Sleep Science and Practice

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