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Table 2 Relationship between characteristics of participants and their Epworth sleepiness scale and PSQI scores

From: An assessment of sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study from Palestine

Variable

ESS

Median [Q1-Q3]

P value

PSQI

Median [Q1-Q3]

P value

Age category (Year)

 < 60

6.0 [3.3–10.8]

0.076b

8.5 [6.0–12.0]

0.351 b

 ≥ 60

9.0 [4.0–12.0]

 

8.0 [6.0–11.0]

 

Gender

 Male

8.0 [4.0–11.0]

0.339 b

8.0 [5.0–11.0]

0.113 b

 Female

6.5 [3.3–11.0]

 

9.0 [6.0–12.8]

 

BMI

 Underweight

14.0 [9.5–15.0]

 

10.0 [8.0–15.5]

 

 Normal

7.0 [4.0–11.0]

0.100c

8.0 [6.0–11.0]

0.422 c

 Overweight

8.0 [4.0–12.0]

 

9.0 [5.0–13.0]

 

 Obese

7.5 [3.3–10.0]

 

7.0 [5.3–10.8]

 

Education

 No formal education

5.0 [2.0–15.3]

 

7.5 [5.8–9.8]

 

 Primary

7.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

9.0 [6.0–12.0]

 

 Secondary

8.5 [4.5–12.0]

0.459 c

9.0 [6.0–13.8]

0.475 c

 High

9.5 [4.0–11.0]

 

8.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

 Graduated

6.0 [3.0–10.0]

 

8.0 [5.0–11.0]

 

Household income (month)

 High (more than 5000 NIS)

6.0 [2.5–13.5]

 

11.0 [5.0–12.5]

 

 Moderate (2000–4999 NIS)

6.0 [3.0–10.0]

0.375 c

8.0 [4.0–13.0]

0.894 c

 Low (less than 2000 NIS)

8.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

8.0 [6.0–11.0]

 

Residency

 Refugee camps

6.0 [3.0–12.0]

 

9.0 [6.0–10.0]

 

 Village

7.0 [4.0–11.0]

0.916 c

8.0 [5.0–12.0]

0.902 c

 Town

8.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

8.0 [6.0–13.0]

 

Living status

 Alone

4.5 [1.8–12.5]

0.534 b

9.0 [6.8–13.3]

0.363 b

 With family

7.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

8.0 [5.5–12.0]

 

Marital status

 Single, divorced, widowed

5.0 [3.0–10.0]

0.054 b

9.0 [6.3–11.0]

0.770 b

 Married

8.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

8.0 [5.0–12.0]

 

Occupation

 Employed

7.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

8.0 [6.0–11.0]

 

 Unemployed

6.0 [3.0–10.8]

0.161 c

8.0 [4.3–12.8]

0.580 c

 House wife

9.5 [6.0–11.8]

 

9.0 [6.0–14.8]

 

Dialysis vintage (years)

 < 4

6.0 [3.0–11.0]

0.236 b

9.0 [5.0–12.0]

0.670 b

 ≥ 4

8.0 [4.0–12.0]

 

8.0 [6.0–11.8]

 

Dialysis per week

 ≤ 2

9.0 [5.0–9.5]

0.931 c

5.0 [3.5–12.5]

0.393 c

 3

7.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

8.5 [6.0–12.0]

 

 ≥ 4

8.5 [8.0–9.8]

 

5.0 [3.3–8.3]

 

Dialysis session duration (hours)

 < 4

6.0 [4.0–11.0]

0.443 b

8.0 [6.0–12.0]

0.987 b

 ≥ 4

8.0 [4.0–12.0]

 

8.0 [5.0–12.0]

 

Transplantation history

 Yes

6.5 [3.0–11.8]

0.813 b

8.5 [5.5–11.0]

0.827 b

 No

7.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

8.0 [6.0–12.0]

 

Total chronic co-morbid diseasesa

 None

6.0 [1.0–11.0]

 

8.5 [7.5–11.3]

 

 1

7.0 [3.0–10.3]

0.570 c

8.0 [5.0–11.0]

0.759 c

 2

8.0 [4.0–12.0]

 

9.0 [6.0–12.0]

 

 ≥ 3

8.0 [4.0–11.5]

 

7.5 [6.0–13.0]

 

Chronic medications

 < 4

7.0 [4.0–11.0]

0.756 b

9.0 [6.0–12.0]

0.166 b

 ≥ 4

7.0 [4.0–11.0]

 

8.0 [6.0–12.0]

 
  1. Abbreviations: PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, NIS New Israeli Shekel, BMI Body Mass Index
  2. a Chronic co-morbid diseases include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic rheumatologic disorders, previous myocardial infarction or stroke, heart failure, chronic lung disease, thyroid disorders, osteoporosis
  3. b Statistical significance of differences calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test
  4. c Statistical significance of differences calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test
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Sleep Science and Practice

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