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Table 3 Linear regression analysis with presence of sleep disturbance as independent variable and COPD severity at 2-year follow-up as dependent variable

From: Longitudinal associations between sleep disturbance and disease severity in patients with COPD

 

Dependent Variable

Dependent Variable

Independent variable

2 yr FEV1% pp

2 yr mMRC

2 yr SGRQ

2 yr ISWT distance

2 yr RV pp

2 yr DLCO pp

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

β

95% CI

p-value

Model 1:

 Baseline SD

−0.02

(−6.86, 5.04)

0.76

0.12

(− 0.09, 0.62)

0.14

0.18

(0.84, 11.66)

0.02

−0.06

(−66.22, 34.68)

0.54

0.08

(−6.17, 17.95)

0.34

−0.16

(− 12.22, 0.03)

0.05

Model 2:

 Baseline SD

0.03

(−1.42, 3.73)

0.38

0.11

(−0.05, 0.55)

0.10

0.01

(−2.68, 3.51)

0.79

−0.02

(−31.63, 23.28)

0.76

0.03

(− 5.08, 9.62)

0.54

−0.06

(−5.32, 0.37)

0.09

 Baseline DV

0.91

(0.86, 0.99)

< 0.001

0.57

(0.49, 0.80)

< 0.001

0.85

(0.77, 0.94)

< 0.001

0.80

(0.68, 0.91)

< 0.001

0.79

(0.72, 0.94)

< 0.001

0.89

(0.80, 0.95)

< 0.001

 Age

−0.03

(− 0.28, 0.16)

0.46

− 0.06

(− 0.03, 0.01)

0.34

− 0.03

(− 0.32, 0.15)

0.47

−0.13

(−5.20, − 0.69)

0.01

−0.01

(− 0.63, 0.52)

0.85

− 0.05

(− 0.36, 0.08)

0.20

 Sex

0.01

(−2.27, 2.86)

0.82

0.02

(−0.26, 0.35)

0.77

0.00

(−2.90, 3.14)

0.94

−0.02

(− 35.08, 24.40)

0.72

− 0.03

(−10.16, 4.96)

0.50

− 0.05

(−4.95, 0.71)

0.14

 Race

−0.07

(−13.89, − 0.35)

0.04

0.02

(− 0.71, 0.88)

0.82

0.02

(−6.42, 9.47)

0.71

− 0.06

(− 128.69, 30.14)

0.22

0.01

(−17.81, 20.61)

0.89

− 0.03

(− 10.04, 4.90)

0.50

 BMI

− 0.00

(− 0.33, 0.32)

0.97

0.12

(− 0.00, 0.07)

0.08

0.03

(− 0.24, 0.52)

0.48

0.03

(− 2.72, 4.59)

0.61

−0.03

(− 1.23, 0.66)

0.55

− 0.01

(− 0.42, 0.34)

0.84

 Smoking status

0.03

(− 1.42, 3.98)

0.35

0.07

(− 0.15, 0.47)

0.31

0.10

(0.38, 6.64)

0.03

0.04

(− 17.84, 39.32)

0.46

−0.06

(−12.24, 3.01)

0.23

0.01

(− 2.55, 3.46)

0.76

  1. Note: FEV1 pp. = forced expiratory volume in 1 s percent predicted, mMRC = modified Medical Research Council scale, SGRQ = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, ISWT = Incremental shuttle walk test, β = standardized regression coefficient, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval, SD = sleep disturbance, DV = dependent variable, BMI = body mass index, RV pp. = residual capacity percent predicted, DLCO pp. = diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide percent predicted