Table 1 Summary of Selected Studies
From: Transcranial magnetic stimulation therapeutic applications on sleep and insomnia: a review
Study | Sample size | Location | TMS Parameters | Duration | Measurement Tools | Sham Control | Medication Trial Status | Subjective Improvement | Objective Improvement |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sonmez et al. 2020 | 17 | L DLPFC | 10 Hz | 30 d | QIDS-A17-SR, CDRS-R | No | Allowed, hypnotics | Yes | N/A |
Feng et al. 2019 | 32 | DLPFC (bilateral) | 1 Hz, 80% MT | 10 d | PSQI, BDNF, GABA, MEP | No | Not allowed | Yes | Yes |
Song et al. 2019 | 40 | R posterior parietal cortex | 1 Hz, 80% MT | 14 d | PSQI, ISI, ESS EEG | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Lin et al. 2019 | 105 | Left (L) DLPFC | 10 Hz, 100% MT | 6 wk | PSQI, SAS, SDS | Yes | Not allowed | Yes | N/A |
Huang et al. 2018 | 36 | R posterior parietal cortex | 1 Hz, 90% MT | 10 d | PSQI, HRSA | Yes | Yes, SSRI and BZN | Yes | N/A |
Zhang et al. 2018 | 75 | L prefrontal cortex | 1 Hz, 100% MT | 12 d | PSQI, ISI, sleeping diary, actigraphy | Yes | Not allowed | Yes | No |
Nishida et al. 2017 | 14 | DLPFC (bilateral) | 1 Hz (R), 10 Hz (L), 100–110% MT | 10 d | PSQI, HAMD, actigraphy | No | Allowed, BZN | Yes | No |
Antczak et al. 2017 | 13 | L DLFPC | 10 Hz, 110–120% MT | 20 d | CGI,HDRS, AIS, Sleep Diaries, actigraphy | No | Allowed, antidepressants | Yes | No |
Sánchez-Escandón et al. 2016 | 24 | Frontal, temporal, parietal | 1 Hz | 10 d | QOLIE-31, PSG | No | Yes, levetiracetam | Yes | Yes |
Sánchez-Escandón et al. 2014 | 10 | Frontal cortex | 1 Hz | 10 d | PSG, EEG | No | Not allowed | N/A | Yes |
Jiang et al. 2013 | 120 | Right (R) DLPFC | 1 Hz, 80% MT | 14 d | PSQI, PSG, cortisol, ACTH, TSH, T4,T3 | No | Not allowed in TMS group | Yes | Partly |
Rosenquist et al. 2013 | 301 | L DLPFC | 10 Hz, 120% MT | 6 wk | HAMD, IDS-SR | Yes | Allowed, hypnotics, anxiolytics | No | N/A |
Antczak et al. 2011 | 11 | Motor cortex (bilateral) | 15 Hz, 80–120% MT | 10 d | UPDRS, HDRS, PDSS, PSG | No | Allowed, Parkinson medication | Yes | Partly (unrelated to sleep) |
Arias et al. 2010 | 18 | Vertex area | 1 Hz, 90% MT | 10 d | PDSS, HDS, UPDRS Actigraphy | Yes | Not allowed | Yes | No |
van Dijk et al. 2009 | 21 | Motor, parietal cortex (bilaterally) | 5 Hz, 80% MT | 10 d | UPDRS, BDI, actigraphy | No | Allowed, Parkinson medication | No | Partly |