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Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of study participants by hypertension status

From: Obstructive sleep apnea and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a comparative cross-sectional study

Characteristic

ALL

N = 1974

Hypertensive

n = 1289

Normotensive

n = 685

p-value

Age (Mean, SD)

53.4 (15.0)

59.8 (11.8)

41.3 (13.0)

< 0.001

 Range

18-98

18-98

18-83

 

Age group

  > 60

714 (36.2%)

653 (50.7%)

61 (08.9%)

 

  ≤ 60

1260 (63.8%)

636 (49.3%)

624 (91.1%)

< 0.001

Sex

 Male

782 (39.6%)

483 (37.5%)

299 (43.7%)

 

 Female

1192 (60.4%)

806 (62.5%)

386 (56.4%)

< 0.01

Education

 No Formal

117 (05.9%)

100 (07.8%)

17 (02.5%)

< 0.001

 Primary

950 (48.1%)

643 (49.9%)

307 (44.8%)

0.03

 Secondary

513 (26.0%)

318 (24.6%)

195 (28.5%)

0.06

 University

394 (20.0%)

228 (17.7%)

166 (24.2%)

< 0.001

Marital status

 Single

192 (09.7%)

48 (03.7%)

144 (21.0%)

< 0.001

 Married

1341 (67.9%)

873 (67.7%)

468 (68.3%)

0.79

 Divorced

128 (06.5%)

82 (06.4%)

46 (06.7%)

0.80

 Widowed

313 (15.9%)

286 (22.2%)

27 (04.0%)

< 0.001

Occupation

 Jobless

371 (18.8%)

253 (19.6%)

118 (17.2%)

0.19

 Self-employed

888 (45.0%)

487 (37.8%)

401 (58.5%)

< 0.001

 Employed

362 (18.3%)

219 (17.0%)

143 (20.9%)

0.03

 Retired

353 (17.9%)

330 (25.6%)

23 (03.4%)

< 0.001

Work duration (hours)

 Mean (SD)

6.2 (3.8)

5.4 (3.5)

7.7 (3.9)

< 0.001

  > 8 h/day

521 (26.4%)

256 (19.9%)

265 (38.7%)

< 0.001

Residence

 Urban

1618 (82.0%)

1030 (79.9%)

588 (85.8%)

 

 Rural

356 (18.0%)

259 (20.1%)

97 (14.2%)

< 0.01

Personal Disease History (% Yes)

 Diabetes

228 (11.6%)

211 (16.4%)

17 (02.5%)

< 0.001

 Asthma

158 (08.0%)

107 (08.3%)

51 (07.5%)

0.53

 Stroke

113 (05.7%)

103 (08.0%)

10 (01.5%)

< 0.001

 Recurrent nocturnal nasal congestion

367 (18.6%)

270 (21.0%)

97 (14.2%)

< 0.001

Smoking status

 Ever smoker

313 (15.9%)

284 (14.3%)

129 (18.8%)

 

 Never

1661 (84.1%)

1105 (85.7%)

556 (81.2%)

< 0.01

Alcohol intake (current)

 Yes

197 (10.0%)

70 (05.4%)

127 (18.5%)

 

 No

1777 (90.0%)

1219 (94.6%)

558 (81.5%)

< 0.001

Body Mass Index (mean, SD)

BMI categories

29.1 (6.2)

30.3 (6.3)

26.9 (5.5)

< 0.001

 Underweight

34 (01.7%)

11 (0.9%)

23 (03.4%)

< 0.001

 Normal

478 (24.2%)

225 (17.4%)

253 (36.9%)

< 0.001

 Overweight

680 (34.5%)

447 (34.7%)

233 (34.0%)

0.76

 Obese

782 (39.6%)

606 (47.0%)

176 (25.7%)

< 0.001

Waist circumference (mean[cm], SD)

98.1 (14.0)

101.0 (13.4)

92.8 (13.4)

< 0.001

 Men > 90 cm

486 (62.1%)

357 (73.9%)

129 (43.1%)

< 0.001

 Women > 80 cm

1089 (91.4%)

766 (95.0%)

323 (83.7%)

< 0.001

Neck circumference (mean[cm], SD)

36.8 (3.5)

37.2 (3.4)

35.9 (3.6)

< 0.001

 Men > 37 cm

434 (55.5%)

314 (65.0%)

120 (40.1%)

< 0.001

 Women > 31 cm

1095 (91.9%)

767 (95.2%)

328 (85.0%)

< 0.001

Family history of snoring

 Positive

851 (43.1%)

566 (43.9%)

285 (41.6%)

0.33

 Negative

982 (49.8%)

617 (47.9%)

365 (53.3%)

0.02

 Don’t Know

141 (07.1%)

106 (08.2%)

35 (05.1%)

0.01

Personal history of snoring

 Positive

729 (36.9%)

564 (43.8%)

165 (24.0%)

< 0.001

 Negative

1156 (58.6%)

659 (51.1%)

497 (72.6%)

< 0.001

 Don’t Know

89 (04.5%)

66 (05.1%)

23 (03.4%)

0.08

OSA awareness

 Yes

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1.0

 No

1974 (100%)

1289 (100%)

685 (100%)

1.0