Characteristic | ALL N = 1974 | Hypertensive n = 1289 | Normotensive n = 685 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Mean, SD) | 53.4 (15.0) | 59.8 (11.8) | 41.3 (13.0) | < 0.001 |
 Range | 18-98 | 18-98 | 18-83 |  |
Age group | ||||
  > 60 | 714 (36.2%) | 653 (50.7%) | 61 (08.9%) |  |
  ≤ 60 | 1260 (63.8%) | 636 (49.3%) | 624 (91.1%) | < 0.001 |
Sex | ||||
 Male | 782 (39.6%) | 483 (37.5%) | 299 (43.7%) |  |
 Female | 1192 (60.4%) | 806 (62.5%) | 386 (56.4%) | < 0.01 |
Education | ||||
 No Formal | 117 (05.9%) | 100 (07.8%) | 17 (02.5%) | < 0.001 |
 Primary | 950 (48.1%) | 643 (49.9%) | 307 (44.8%) | 0.03 |
 Secondary | 513 (26.0%) | 318 (24.6%) | 195 (28.5%) | 0.06 |
 University | 394 (20.0%) | 228 (17.7%) | 166 (24.2%) | < 0.001 |
Marital status | ||||
 Single | 192 (09.7%) | 48 (03.7%) | 144 (21.0%) | < 0.001 |
 Married | 1341 (67.9%) | 873 (67.7%) | 468 (68.3%) | 0.79 |
 Divorced | 128 (06.5%) | 82 (06.4%) | 46 (06.7%) | 0.80 |
 Widowed | 313 (15.9%) | 286 (22.2%) | 27 (04.0%) | < 0.001 |
Occupation | ||||
 Jobless | 371 (18.8%) | 253 (19.6%) | 118 (17.2%) | 0.19 |
 Self-employed | 888 (45.0%) | 487 (37.8%) | 401 (58.5%) | < 0.001 |
 Employed | 362 (18.3%) | 219 (17.0%) | 143 (20.9%) | 0.03 |
 Retired | 353 (17.9%) | 330 (25.6%) | 23 (03.4%) | < 0.001 |
Work duration (hours) | ||||
 Mean (SD) | 6.2 (3.8) | 5.4 (3.5) | 7.7 (3.9) | < 0.001 |
  > 8 h/day | 521 (26.4%) | 256 (19.9%) | 265 (38.7%) | < 0.001 |
Residence | ||||
 Urban | 1618 (82.0%) | 1030 (79.9%) | 588 (85.8%) |  |
 Rural | 356 (18.0%) | 259 (20.1%) | 97 (14.2%) | < 0.01 |
Personal Disease History (% Yes) | ||||
 Diabetes | 228 (11.6%) | 211 (16.4%) | 17 (02.5%) | < 0.001 |
 Asthma | 158 (08.0%) | 107 (08.3%) | 51 (07.5%) | 0.53 |
 Stroke | 113 (05.7%) | 103 (08.0%) | 10 (01.5%) | < 0.001 |
 Recurrent nocturnal nasal congestion | 367 (18.6%) | 270 (21.0%) | 97 (14.2%) | < 0.001 |
Smoking status | ||||
 Ever smoker | 313 (15.9%) | 284 (14.3%) | 129 (18.8%) |  |
 Never | 1661 (84.1%) | 1105 (85.7%) | 556 (81.2%) | < 0.01 |
Alcohol intake (current) | ||||
 Yes | 197 (10.0%) | 70 (05.4%) | 127 (18.5%) |  |
 No | 1777 (90.0%) | 1219 (94.6%) | 558 (81.5%) | < 0.001 |
Body Mass Index (mean, SD) BMI categories | 29.1 (6.2) | 30.3 (6.3) | 26.9 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
 Underweight | 34 (01.7%) | 11 (0.9%) | 23 (03.4%) | < 0.001 |
 Normal | 478 (24.2%) | 225 (17.4%) | 253 (36.9%) | < 0.001 |
 Overweight | 680 (34.5%) | 447 (34.7%) | 233 (34.0%) | 0.76 |
 Obese | 782 (39.6%) | 606 (47.0%) | 176 (25.7%) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (mean[cm], SD) | 98.1 (14.0) | 101.0 (13.4) | 92.8 (13.4) | < 0.001 |
 Men > 90 cm | 486 (62.1%) | 357 (73.9%) | 129 (43.1%) | < 0.001 |
 Women > 80 cm | 1089 (91.4%) | 766 (95.0%) | 323 (83.7%) | < 0.001 |
Neck circumference (mean[cm], SD) | 36.8 (3.5) | 37.2 (3.4) | 35.9 (3.6) | < 0.001 |
 Men > 37 cm | 434 (55.5%) | 314 (65.0%) | 120 (40.1%) | < 0.001 |
 Women > 31 cm | 1095 (91.9%) | 767 (95.2%) | 328 (85.0%) | < 0.001 |
Family history of snoring | ||||
 Positive | 851 (43.1%) | 566 (43.9%) | 285 (41.6%) | 0.33 |
 Negative | 982 (49.8%) | 617 (47.9%) | 365 (53.3%) | 0.02 |
 Don’t Know | 141 (07.1%) | 106 (08.2%) | 35 (05.1%) | 0.01 |
Personal history of snoring | ||||
 Positive | 729 (36.9%) | 564 (43.8%) | 165 (24.0%) | < 0.001 |
 Negative | 1156 (58.6%) | 659 (51.1%) | 497 (72.6%) | < 0.001 |
 Don’t Know | 89 (04.5%) | 66 (05.1%) | 23 (03.4%) | 0.08 |
OSA awareness | ||||
 Yes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.0 |
 No | 1974 (100%) | 1289 (100%) | 685 (100%) | 1.0 |