Table 2 Descriptive statistics by level of exposure to short, fragmented sleep

Sex ^a

     Female

75.0 (12)

71.7 (33)

70.1 (54)

0.0263

     Male

25.0 (4)

28.3 (13)

29.9 (23)

0.6947

Age (years)

51.1 (5.4)

53.0 (7.0)

52.6 (7.5)

0.4485

SES Quintile

3.4 (1.2)

3.5 (1.4)

3.7 (1.3)

0.3126

Sugar sweetened beverages (servings/day) ^b

0.29 (0.0)

0.29 (0.00)

0.29 (0.14)

0.0600

Fruit and vegetable intake (servings/day) ^b

1.14 (0.29)

1.28 (0.57)

1.28 (1.28)

0.2240

Marital status (Married/Co-habiting) ^a

56.3 (9)

52.2 (24)

55.8 (43)

0.4820

Housing density (people/bedroom) ^b

1.0 (1.2)

1.5 (1.3)

1.7 (1.7)

0.0850

Alcohol & Tobacco use (both current; Yes) ^a

12.5 (2)

13.0 (6)

23.4 (18)

0.0360

Hypertension and diabetes present (both concurrent; Yes) ^a

6.3 (1)

15.2 (7)

10.4 (8)

07,760

HIV status (Positive) ^a

12.5 (2)

21.7 (10)

26.0 (20)

0.2481

Self-reported sleep (hours/night)

9.5 (2.0)

9.2 (1.3)

9.2 (1.5)

0.4576

Objectively-measured Sleep Indices

     Total Sleep Time (minutes/day)

318 (34)

373 (56)

444 (79)

 < 0.0001

     Wake after Sleep Onset (minutes)

74 (12)

53 (14)

45 (15)

 < 0.0001

     Sleep Fragmentation Index ( %)

33.7 (5.5)

29.0 (6.1)

24.6 (6.4)

 < 0.0001

     Sleep Efficiency (%)

80.8 (2.6)

87.0 (3.1)

90.3 (3.3)

 < 0.0001

     Activity Counts (counts)

45 373 (2 421)

34 431 (9 406)

29 336 (12 398)

 < 0.0001

Objectively-measured Physical Activity

     VM counts/day (× 10⁶)

2.91 (0.45)

2.42 (0.75)

2.19 (0.65)

0.0001

     Steps per day

16 388 ( 3 172)

15 387 (4 728)

13 633 (4 717)

0.0301

Conicity Index

1.21 (0.11)

1.24 (0.09)

1.23 (0.10)

0.4623

Waist circumference (cm)

88.4 (13.3)

89.2 (14.5)

89.9 (17.0)

0.7247

Body mass index (kg/m²)

28.7 (6.7)

27.0 (7.1)

28.3 (8.4)

0.8520

MetS z-Score

-0.12 (2.28)

0.02 (2.75)

0.013 (2.76)

0.8569

HOMA-IR ^c

1.79 (2.55)

1.10 (2.18)

1.40 (2.60)

0.0452