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Table 3 Sleep related parameters in the YAC cohort. Data are mean ± SD or number (%)

From: Impairment in sleep health in young adults with chronic pain: a modifiable risk factor

Variable

Total (n = 47)a

Males (n = 10)

Females (n = 36)

P value

Sleep disorder symptom in nighttime

39 (82.98%)

7 (70%)

31 (86.11%)

0.439

Wake up unrefreshed

25 (53.19%)

3 (30%)

21 (58.33%)

0.181

Poor sleep quality

11 (23.4%)

3 (30%)

7 (19.44%)

0.336

Sleep related movement disorder

(Restless legs)

7 (14.89%)

0 (0%)

6 (16.67%)

0.130

Sleep related breathing disorders

12 (25.53%)

1 (10%)

11 (30.56%)

0.190

 Snoring

3

0

3

 

 Suspected OSAb

7

1

6

 OSA not on treatment

1

0

1

 OSA on CPAP/BIPAP

1

0

1

Circadian rhythm disorders

14 (30.4%)

4/10 (40%)

10/36 (27.8%)

0.457

 Delayed sleep wake phase disorder

8 (17.02%)

3/10 (30%)

5/36 (13.89%)

0.393

 Irregular sleep wake rhythm disorder

6 (12.77%)

1/10 (10%)

5/36 (13.89%)

0.406

Parasomnias

1 (2.13%)

0/10

1/36 (2.78%)

0.594

Insomnia

32 (68.09%)

7 (70%)

24/36 (66.67%)

0.842

 Initiation

12/32 (37.5%)

5/7 (71.43%)

7/24 (29.17%)

0.124

 Maintenance

8/32 (25%)

1/7 (14.29%)

6/24 (25%)

 Both

12/32 (37.5%)

1/7 (14.29%)

11/24 (45.83%)

Mean sleep latency time mean in mins

41.39 ± 46.4

42.00 ± 22.2

41.79 ± 51.9

0.825

Daytime fatigue (ESSd > 10)

9/32 (28.13%)

1/6 (16.7%)

8/25 (32%)

0.627

Daytime sleepiness

 Normal (ESS < 11)

23/32 (71.88%)

5/6 (83.3%)

17/25 (68%)

0.044

 Mild sleepiness (ESS 11–14)

8/32 (25%)

0/6 (0%)

8/25 (32%)

 Moderate sleepiness (ESS 15–17)

0/32 (0%)

0/6 (0%)

0/25 (0%)

 Severe sleepiness (ESS 18–24)

1/32 (3.13%)

1/6 (16.67%)

0/25 (0%)

PCSc risk of catastrophizing

 Low risk (< 50th percentile; < 20/52)

14 (30.4%)

3 (27.3%)

10 (30.3%)

0.740

 Moderate risk (50th-75th percentile; < 30/52)

15 (32.6%)

5 (45.5%)

10 (30.3%)

 High risk (> 75th percentile: ≥ 30/52)

17 (37%)

3 (27.3%)

13 (27.3%)

Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) score

27.68 ± 14.8

22.46 ± 15.1

29.88 ± 14.6

0.140

Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 score

13.98 ± 7.4

14.67 ± 9.0

13.71 ± 6.8

0.701

  1. aOne patient was nonbinary, bOSA Obstructive Sleep Apnea, cPCS Pain Catastrophizing Scale, dESS Epworth sleepiness Scale