From: Impairment in sleep health in young adults with chronic pain: a modifiable risk factor
Variable | Total (n = 47)a | Males (n = 10) | Females (n = 36) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep disorder symptom in nighttime | 39 (82.98%) | 7 (70%) | 31 (86.11%) | 0.439 |
Wake up unrefreshed | 25 (53.19%) | 3 (30%) | 21 (58.33%) | 0.181 |
Poor sleep quality | 11 (23.4%) | 3 (30%) | 7 (19.44%) | 0.336 |
Sleep related movement disorder (Restless legs) | 7 (14.89%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (16.67%) | 0.130 |
Sleep related breathing disorders | 12 (25.53%) | 1 (10%) | 11 (30.56%) | 0.190 |
 Snoring | 3 | 0 | 3 |  |
 Suspected OSAb | 7 | 1 | 6 | |
 OSA not on treatment | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
 OSA on CPAP/BIPAP | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Circadian rhythm disorders | 14 (30.4%) | 4/10 (40%) | 10/36 (27.8%) | 0.457 |
 Delayed sleep wake phase disorder | 8 (17.02%) | 3/10 (30%) | 5/36 (13.89%) | 0.393 |
 Irregular sleep wake rhythm disorder | 6 (12.77%) | 1/10 (10%) | 5/36 (13.89%) | 0.406 |
Parasomnias | 1 (2.13%) | 0/10 | 1/36 (2.78%) | 0.594 |
Insomnia | 32 (68.09%) | 7 (70%) | 24/36 (66.67%) | 0.842 |
 Initiation | 12/32 (37.5%) | 5/7 (71.43%) | 7/24 (29.17%) | 0.124 |
 Maintenance | 8/32 (25%) | 1/7 (14.29%) | 6/24 (25%) | |
 Both | 12/32 (37.5%) | 1/7 (14.29%) | 11/24 (45.83%) | |
Mean sleep latency time mean in mins | 41.39 ± 46.4 | 42.00 ± 22.2 | 41.79 ± 51.9 | 0.825 |
Daytime fatigue (ESSd > 10) | 9/32 (28.13%) | 1/6 (16.7%) | 8/25 (32%) | 0.627 |
Daytime sleepiness | ||||
 Normal (ESS < 11) | 23/32 (71.88%) | 5/6 (83.3%) | 17/25 (68%) | 0.044 |
 Mild sleepiness (ESS 11–14) | 8/32 (25%) | 0/6 (0%) | 8/25 (32%) | |
 Moderate sleepiness (ESS 15–17) | 0/32 (0%) | 0/6 (0%) | 0/25 (0%) | |
 Severe sleepiness (ESS 18–24) | 1/32 (3.13%) | 1/6 (16.67%) | 0/25 (0%) | |
PCSc risk of catastrophizing | ||||
 Low risk (< 50th percentile; < 20/52) | 14 (30.4%) | 3 (27.3%) | 10 (30.3%) | 0.740 |
 Moderate risk (50th-75th percentile; < 30/52) | 15 (32.6%) | 5 (45.5%) | 10 (30.3%) | |
 High risk (> 75th percentile: ≥ 30/52) | 17 (37%) | 3 (27.3%) | 13 (27.3%) | |
Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) score | 27.68 ± 14.8 | 22.46 ± 15.1 | 29.88 ± 14.6 | 0.140 |
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 score | 13.98 ± 7.4 | 14.67 ± 9.0 | 13.71 ± 6.8 | 0.701 |