Table 2 Comparison of clinical and anthropometric variables between groups during the development phase

Age (years)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

Neck circumference (cm)

Waist circumference (cm)

Epworth Sleepiness Scale (score)

Apnea–hypopnea index (events/h)

Hypertension

Cardiovascular disorder

Diabetes mellitus

Heart failure

52.6 ± 13.5

27.7 ± 5.7

40.4 ± 3.4

95.4 ± 12.7

11.4 ± 4.2

40.9 ± 22.8

48 (48.5)

3 (3.0)

15 (15.2)

5 (5.1)

25–86

15.2–57.5

34–51

67–162

3–23

15.1–107.7

46.7 ± 13.3

24.3 ± 3.0

38.2 ± 2.4

87.5 ± 8.3

10.6 ± 4.8

6.7 ± 4.1

40 (37.4)

2 (1.9)

8 (7.5)

2 (1.9)

23–77

18.4–36.4

31.5–45

67–120

0–22

0.2–14.6

0.003

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.258

 < 0.001

0.518

0.542

0.154

0.247